Mobile cellular subscriptions, per unit of GDP by country
Mobile cellular subscriptions divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
205
Highest
0.0025 units per US$ of GDP
Burundi
Lowest
0 units per US$ of GDP
Monaco
Median
0.0001 units per US$ of GDP
Years covered
66
1960–2025
Data points
11,883
What the numbers show
Mobile cellular subscriptions, per unit of GDP is currently reported for 205 countries. The highest value is 0.0025 units per US$ of GDP in Burundi; the lowest is 0 units per US$ of GDP in Monaco.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 678.
Over the past decade 79 countries rose and 124 fell. The largest increase was in Fiji, Republic of (up 395.3%), and the largest decrease in Albania (down 63.6%).
Mobile cellular subscriptions, per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burundi | 0.0025 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 144.4% | volatile |
| 2 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.0015 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 51.0% | volatile |
| 3 | Madagascar, Republic of | 0.0015 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 115.5% | volatile |
| 4 | Gambia, The | 0.0014 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.0% | volatile |
| 5 | Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of | 0.0014 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 60.5% | volatile |
| 6 | Malawi | 0.0013 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 107.2% | volatile |
| 7 | Sierra Leone | 0.0013 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 248.5% | volatile |
| 8 | Burkina Faso | 0.0012 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 32.4% | volatile |
| 9 | Mali | 0.0011 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 16.2% | volatile |
| 10 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0.0011 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 71.8% | volatile |
| 11 | Zambia | 0.0009 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 145.7% | volatile |
| 12 | Somalia | 0.0009 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.7% | volatile |
| 13 | Fiji, Republic of | 0.0009 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 395.3% | volatile |
| 14 | Rwanda | 0.0009 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.7% | volatile |
| 15 | Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of | 0.0009 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.1% | volatile |
| 16 | Benin | 0.0008 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 30.1% | volatile |
| 17 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0.0008 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.7% | volatile |
| 18 | Myanmar | 0.0008 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 89.9% | volatile |
| 19 | Central African Republic | 0.0008 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 82.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Niger | 0.0008 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 9.5% | volatile |
| 21 | Uganda | 0.0008 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 23.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Mozambique, Republic of | 0.0008 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.7% | volatile |
| 23 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 147.7% | volatile |
| 24 | Chad | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 156.9% | volatile |
| 25 | Togo | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.3% | volatile |
| 26 | Senegal | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.9% | volatile |
| 27 | Yemen, Republic of | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2018 | up 195.6% | volatile |
| 28 | Lesotho, Kingdom of | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.5% | volatile |
| 29 | Nepal | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.5% | volatile |
| 30 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 48.9% | volatile |
| 31 | Sudan | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 8.7% | volatile |
| 32 | Nigeria | 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 169.7% | volatile |
| 33 | Tajikistan, Republic of | 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 27.5% | volatile |
| 34 | Comoros, Union of the | 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 104.7% | volatile |
| 35 | Guinea | 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 29.1% | volatile |
| 36 | Kenya | 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 37 | Cameroon | 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 26.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of | 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 39 | Pakistan | 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.8% | volatile |
| 40 | Ghana | 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Cambodia | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 52.4% | volatile |
| 42 | Mauritania, Islamic Republic of | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.9% | volatile |
| 43 | Liberia | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 49.5% | volatile |
| 44 | Kyrgyz Republic | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 58.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Bangladesh | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 43.2% | volatile |
| 46 | Congo, Republic of | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 39.9% | volatile |
| 47 | Zimbabwe | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.6% | volatile |
| 48 | Haiti | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 16.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Nicaragua | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.5% | volatile |
| 50 | Morocco | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Eswatini, Kingdom of | 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 67.2% | volatile |
| 52 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 125.1% | volatile |
| 53 | Uzbekistan, Republic of | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 39.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Solomon Islands | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 29.7% | volatile |
| 55 | Libya | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 211.1% | volatile |
| 56 | El Salvador | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.2% | volatile |
| 57 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 18.6% | volatile |
| 58 | Sri Lanka | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 14.7% | volatile |
| 59 | India | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.9% | volatile |
| 60 | Egypt, Arab Republic of | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.7% | volatile |
| 61 | Philippines | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.7% | volatile |
| 62 | South Africa | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 37.6% | volatile |
| 63 | Tunisia | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.2% | volatile |
| 64 | Ukraine | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 15.3% | volatile |
| 65 | Vietnam | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 53.6% | volatile |
| 66 | Angola | 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 179.7% | volatile |
| 67 | Indonesia | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.9% | volatile |
| 68 | South Sudan, Republic of | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2015 | up 135.2% | rising |
| 69 | Vanuatu | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 63.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Turkmenistan | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 71 | Bhutan | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.1% | volatile |
| 72 | Palestine | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 73 | Bolivia | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.0% | volatile |
| 74 | Colombia | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 50.9% | volatile |
| 75 | Thailand | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.8% | volatile |
| 76 | Cabo Verde | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 28.0% | volatile |
| 77 | Botswana | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.8% | volatile |
| 78 | Kiribati | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 40.1% | volatile |
| 79 | Honduras | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 46.9% | volatile |
| 80 | Mongolia | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.0% | volatile |
| 81 | Suriname | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 82 | Lebanon | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 137.4% | volatile |
| 83 | Paraguay | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 84 | Algeria | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.8% | volatile |
| 85 | Moldova, Republic of | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 49.7% | volatile |
| 86 | Namibia | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.9% | volatile |
| 87 | Guatemala | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.4% | volatile |
| 88 | Tuvalu | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 153.7% | volatile |
| 89 | Georgia | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 40.3% | volatile |
| 90 | São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 59.3% | volatile |
| 91 | Montenegro | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.7% | falling |
| 92 | Venezuela, República Bolivariana de | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.7% | volatile |
| 93 | Iraq | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 14.1% | volatile |
| 94 | Armenia, Republic of | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 48.1% | volatile |
| 95 | Gabon | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.5% | volatile |
| 96 | Azerbaijan, Republic of | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 8.5% | volatile |
| 97 | Jamaica | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.8% | volatile |
| 98 | Belarus, Republic of | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.4% | volatile |
| 99 | Samoa | 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 16.4% | volatile |
| 100 | Ecuador | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.9% | volatile |
| 101 | Mauritius | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.7% | volatile |
| 102 | Peru | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.9% | volatile |
| 103 | Djibouti | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 20.0% | volatile |
| 104 | Jordan | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 49.8% | volatile |
| 105 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.0% | volatile |
| 106 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.4% | volatile |
| 107 | Russian Federation | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 14.8% | volatile |
| 108 | Malaysia | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 109 | Eritrea, The State of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2011 | — | volatile |
| 110 | North Macedonia, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 40.5% | volatile |
| 111 | Tonga | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 112 | Maldives | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.5% | volatile |
| 113 | Argentina | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.7% | volatile |
| 114 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 7.4% | volatile |
| 115 | China (People’s Republic of) | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.1% | volatile |
| 116 | Brazil | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.5% | volatile |
| 117 | Belize | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 5.7% | volatile |
| 118 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.9% | volatile |
| 119 | Albania | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 63.6% | volatile |
| 120 | Grenada | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 43.7% | volatile |
| 121 | Dominica | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 56.5% | volatile |
| 122 | Serbia, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 52.3% | falling |
| 123 | Kazakhstan, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.5% | volatile |
| 124 | Palau, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 125 | Dominican Republic | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.5% | volatile |
| 126 | Panama | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 37.0% | volatile |
| 127 | Mexico | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 8.3% | volatile |
| 128 | Chile | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.7% | volatile |
| 129 | St. Lucia | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 43.7% | volatile |
| 130 | Seychelles | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.6% | volatile |
| 131 | Costa Rica | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 46.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Bulgaria | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 57.6% | volatile |
| 133 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.0% | volatile |
| 134 | Türkiye, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.0% | volatile |
| 135 | Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 13.8% | volatile |
| 136 | Equatorial Guinea, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 191.6% | volatile |
| 137 | Guyana | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 53.3% | volatile |
| 138 | Cuba | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2020 | up 268.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Marshall Islands, Republic of the | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 26.2% | volatile |
| 140 | Uruguay | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.0% | volatile |
| 141 | Romania | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 48.1% | volatile |
| 142 | Oman | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.2% | volatile |
| 143 | Poland, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.8% | volatile |
| 144 | Naoero, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 15.4% | volatile |
| 145 | Slovak Republic | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.8% | volatile |
| 146 | French Polynesia | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 34.8% | volatile |
| 147 | Bahrain, Kingdom of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.9% | volatile |
| 148 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 44.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Curaçao | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 21.0% | falling |
| 150 | St. Kitts and Nevis | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 40.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Latvia, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.5% | rising |
| 152 | Croatia, Republic of | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.2% | volatile |
| 153 | Japan | 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 80.4% | volatile |
| 154 | Kuwait | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 33.2% | volatile |
| 155 | Estonia, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.0% | rising |
| 156 | Korea, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 29.2% | volatile |
| 157 | Barbados | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 26.2% | volatile |
| 158 | Lithuania, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 47.5% | volatile |
| 159 | Hungary | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.3% | volatile |
| 160 | Greece | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.2% | volatile |
| 161 | Saudi Arabia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.5% | volatile |
| 162 | Aruba | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 18.0% | volatile |
| 163 | Portugal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.2% | volatile |
| 164 | United Arab Emirates | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.5% | volatile |
| 165 | Cyprus | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 16.1% | volatile |
| 166 | Czech Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 40.6% | volatile |
| 167 | Slovenia, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 19.1% | volatile |
| 168 | Spain | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.8% | volatile |
| 169 | Brunei Darussalam | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 34.8% | volatile |
| 170 | Italy | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.2% | volatile |
| 171 | Puerto Rico | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.8% | volatile |
| 172 | Andorra, Principality of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 55.8% | volatile |
| 173 | Israel | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 174 | Malta | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.4% | volatile |
| 175 | Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.3% | volatile |
| 176 | New Caledonia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 14.4% | volatile |
| 177 | New Zealand | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.5% | volatile |
| 178 | France | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 12.8% | volatile |
| 179 | Sweden | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.8% | volatile |
| 180 | Bahamas, The | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.3% | volatile |
| 181 | Finland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.9% | volatile |
| 182 | Germany | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.2% | volatile |
| 183 | United Kingdom | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.5% | volatile |
| 184 | San Marino, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 185 | Qatar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 35.1% | volatile |
| 186 | Austria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 28.1% | volatile |
| 187 | Greenland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 7.5% | volatile |
| 188 | Netherlands, The | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.0% | volatile |
| 189 | Belgium | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.2% | volatile |
| 190 | Denmark | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.1% | volatile |
| 191 | Singapore | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.4% | volatile |
| 192 | Australia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.7% | volatile |
| 193 | United States Virgin Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | — | rising |
| 194 | Canada | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.3% | volatile |
| 195 | Faroe Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 34.7% | volatile |
| 196 | Cayman Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 34.9% | falling |
| 197 | Iceland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.1% | volatile |
| 198 | United States | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.2% | volatile |
| 199 | Norway | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 9.4% | volatile |
| 200 | Switzerland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.8% | volatile |
| 201 | Luxembourg | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 10.5% | volatile |
| 202 | Ireland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 47.3% | volatile |
| 203 | Bermuda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.7% | volatile |
| 204 | Liechtenstein | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.5% | rising |
| 205 | Monaco | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.7% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Low income 0.0007 units per US$ of GDP
- Least developed countries: UN classification 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP
- IDA only 0.0006 units per US$ of GDP
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- Africa Western and Central 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- IDA total 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- Africa Eastern and Southern 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- IDA blend 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP
- Pre-demographic dividend 0.0004 units per US$ of GDP
How this figure is calculated
Mobile cellular subscriptions divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Mobile cellular subscriptions ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Mobile cellular subscriptions World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Mobile cellular subscriptions divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.